Defensible Space

In 1972 Architect Oscar Newman wrote a book entitled Defensible Space that drew conclusions from statistical analysis of crime rates from different low income housing. The main conclusions reached was that residents would take a personal responsibility and create a sense of community if buildings and grounds were designed properly and therefore crime would be reduced.

The separation and sequencing of movement transitioning from public to private can be as simple as surface texture or grade level that provide different levels of territorial recognition. These and many other details can be used to help define and restrict zones of spaces.

Here is a list of mechanisms for defining territory use of:

• Fences and high walls
• Landscaping and hardscaping
• Positioning of Lights
• Windows
• Electronic Interview Systems
• Locked Gates and Doors
• Buildings with own characteristics distinguishable from other buildings
• Smaller Family Groups (Dividing areas so that neighbors know one another and therefore look out for one another)
• Provide small sitting areas (much more likely to be used and people will provide surveillance)
• Maintain building
• Build a connection to where you live (annual events, create positive history of a place) 

The broken window theory states that if a building is left derelict it will increases the likely nature of being targeted for crime. That is why design is so important to give the residence of a community a sense of pride in their homes and surroundings so that they are maintained.

These symbolic barriers and real barriers should work in a symbiotic accord that provide real security for residents. These basic principles are still widely accepted as good practice and can work on housing scales from large developments to single family residences.

Don't skimp on the design!

References:
Creating Defensible Space in PDF format by Oscar Newman